Cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes and roads or paths comprising the same.



ROBERT FULTON LQMPKIIX IS, 01 NE'W YORK, 1i. ASSIGNGR TO THE BINDER, COMPANY, A COREURATEUN Oil? NEW" JERSEY,

GUEIERINIE fill BINDINGCQMPOSITION H DE ROADS OR O'IHER PURPOSES AND BUAIDS 033l- FATE- 3 COMPRISING THE SAME.

No Drawing.

To all 'w/wm 2'5 may concern:

Be it known that LRounR'r FULTON Toninms, a citizen. of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State oi New York, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Cohering or Binding Compositions for Roads or other Purposes and Roads or Riths Comprising the Some, of which the following is a specification;

This invention relates to binding compositions for substances of divided r separated nature, such as sand or insoluble silicious or silicon containing material, or other substance oi' ininerel, vegetable, or animal natune, and such materials bonded thereby.

The object oi the invention is to provide an eihcient binder oi vegetable nature and ot carbon, compound character comprising 2i ,olucosid, aglucosicl and tannin, and either or both associated With t1 Water solvency retardant, such as resinous materials or substances capable of forming the some like rosin oil, which rosin oil I preter to employ, and has for certain specific applications the property of binding, securing or anchoring rosd dust together in such a manner that its circulation by air currents occasioned by moving vehicles or other means is limited or prevented and whereby a solid compact and hardened road-bed and road dressing is pr0- duced and on automatic hygroscopic coherence or adherence crest-ed, Without materially injuring or destroying the coherei' or 4 adhering binder, and also for binding moluders sand or composition for cores, etc. forgluing, sizing, or cementing or cellular or cellulose containing material or products or fabrications thereof; such as paper, pasteboard, straw board, and the like, and "for other purposes.

Une species of the composition. included in with a resinii'yine' substance such as rosin oil. I

This product or composition may be produced by concentrating the spent tan liquors Specification of Letters Patent.

' Application filed August 15, 1913.

semi No. vessel.

containing approximately 2 per cent. of glib cosid and tannin in approximate proportion to each other by Weigl'it as one and a halt to one, or an aqueous solution oi? 2 degrees Twaddell, by emporationor dehydration to a density of 48 degrees Twaddell, and add ing thereto 2 per cent. of rosin oil.

To this composition of glucosid or tannin containing rosin oil may be added a soluble silicate such. as sodium silicate in proportion of 5 per cent. by Weight of the combined glucosid and tannin content when the binder is intended to be employed as a street or road dressing or as a cement or glue for paper, straw or other cellulose containing substances or fabrication.

The advantages of this binder, comprising solvency resistant resides in the fact that when applied to paper or other cellulose sub stances which are matted or bonded by glues or sizes of glue nature, that the glucosid glucosids and tannin together with e grater tannins and other tannins act as a glue or binder while they simultaneously fix the glue or size bonding material in the paper or other cellulose fabrication making a practically Water repelling seal or binding, While the glucosid present is just 'sutliciently hygroscopic to prevent the drying out of the material to a point of brittleness thus producing a substantially Water-repellent and flexible or resilient gluing medium. The soluble sodium silicate, when employed, also augmentsthe adhering of the composition and maintains a flexibility which does not occur when substances comprising the silicate alone, as 1n the prior art, are employed. When the binder 1s employed as a road dressing or hinder, the tannin or tannic acid.

combines Withthe iron, alumina, lime or other constituents oi the road. construction materiel producing Water insoluble comwhich may contact them such as vehicle tires, etc., While the rosin oil oxidizes and resinifies and acts to turn the water and retard the solvency of the ingredients in water.

The glucosids employed may he 'of any selective character, they being c-mpounds which combine the properties of glucose and vegetable extractives, or what may be termed glucose esters, in such a manner that each has lost its specific physical identity as such and-is less soluble than either individually 'in water as a rule, and is hygroscopic, without deliquescence and does not efiloresce or dry up spontaneously. The peculiarly adaptable properties or qualities of these glucosids probably is attributable'to a progressive and alternate hydrolysis into vegetable'extractives or organic or carboneontainilig acids and glucose and its reformation of glucosids by condensation and dehydration under atmospheric conditions of heat, moisture and pressure.

The resinous material or substance capable of forming the same such as rosin oil augments the cementing or anchoring quality of the composition, especially when as sociated with insoluble silicates, silicious, or silicon containing substances such as are usually found associated with or form a part of road construction and at the same time increases the Water repellent nature of the product.

The composition of tannin and glucosids may be produced by mixing theindividual ingredients with water or secured from such substances as spent tan liquors, or from other sources, or extracted from natural derivatives, or artificially or synthetically prepared, and'rosin oil associated or combined 40 therewith;

narily thrown away, either as such, or productslwhich may be obtained by boiling down orconcentra'tingthe same, or such concentrated product rediluted combined with rosin oil, is particularly adaptable to road treatment, acting as it does to fix the dust and cement the road base thus maintaining a' form of fixed binder which is continually working its way-into and between particles or pieces of the road construction when sub jected at intervals to progressive watering either by artificial sprinkling or from the natural source of. rain, etc. It also exhibits the 'further enhancing quality of presenting a latent form of moisture by reason of its hygroscopic properties thus preventing the disintegration and "drying out or crumbling of the road dressing or base body, and also provldes a superior dressing or binding agent for construction materials of roads or other solid vehicle or transportation hearing body or path.

This material applied to the surface of such roads as asphalt roads or path 'ays,

and then coated or sanded with frictional sents the additional feature of holding an securing or anchoring frost and ,ice to the roadway in such a manner that it is not easily released under pressure and forms a foothold of frictional character for horses shoes and the like, thus avoiding the usual dangerous character presented when ice is formed upon water repellent surfaces such as asphalt, which results in slipping under pressure through the release of the unanchored ice coating.

This dust cohering and roadway cement ing fluid has the advantage over oil dressings in that it does not in'ure or destroy rubber tires of vehicles or a cot the varnish of the same .injuriously, nor is it lost by evaporation, nor does it affect injuriously metal, wood or leather, or reduce the gravity of the road dressing so that it is floated and washed away by water or give a greasy appearance or dull coating to varnish r contents of vehicles.

When this binding orcementing material comprising glucosids, or glucosid and tannin, combined with a resinous or resinify-.

ing substance such as rosin oil is employed as a binding or cementing agent in road construction forming a road base, it is mixed with a sufficient proportion of such ordinary ingredients as broken stone, sand, gravel and the like, after any ordinary wellknown fashion and then the whole mixed with suitable mineral cementitious or other uniting or binding substances, such for instance as cement, forming a concrete,and the composition spread, rolled, tamped or otherwise placed in proper position or location whereby it will become set or fixed in composite form.

The road bed, when it has been properly provided as aforesaid, is spread With a top dressing of granulated or finely divided material of mineral nature associated with the glucosid, and resin oil, or glucosid, tannin and rosin oil and the same rolled in and allowed to set, thus forming a compact dressing of Water repellent nature and sufficiently of water absorbent character to retain the which it falls, such as contained in reservoirs and the like, and also forms a sticky contamination on clothes, which is hard to remove, all of which disadvantages are ob viated by the employment of glucosids and a water resistant or glucosids-m tannin and a water resistant as a binder in accordance with the present invention as binding or cementing agents as a road dressing and they are of water resisting-but water retaming character and form in conpmctlon stituents inherent properties, of hygroscopic nature.

The tannic acid employed may be applied as free acid either alone or associated with other Vehicles, substances of fillers, or it may be derived from substances capable of yielding same by decomposition or dissociation either'by action of the road bed constituents, or substances intended therefor, or other means at or prior to its association. Some of the materials from which tannic acid may be derived may be noted as the glucosids which are ethereal salts or esters of tannic acid, or substances containing the same otherwise united, such as the materials known as sulfite pulp waste, which carries aldehydes and ketones capable of, forming and delivering tannic acid upon decomposition.-

The term tannin as employed herein is intended to imply and does imply and include substances of the tannin nature or character capable of presenting and exhibiting fiber fixing or collogen coagulating properties similar to'tannic acid such as is found and occurs in the so-called sulfite pulp waste per se or upon concentration and the present binding composition is intended to include substances of these various characters associated with water resistant substances of resinous or resinifying character such as rosin oil.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:--

1. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising a hyroscopic glucosid and a fixed water insolule water resistant.

'. 2. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising an arcmatic glucosid and a water resistant.

3. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising a hygroscopic lucosid and a water insoluble resinous su stance.-

4. Acohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising an aromatic glucosid and a resinous substance.

5. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising a glu cosid and a fixed oil.

6. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising an aromatic glucosid and an oil.

7. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising a glucosid and rosin oil.

8. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising an aromatic glucosid and rosin oil.

9, A road or path, comprising a silicious substance, bonded by a composition comprising a glucosid and awater resistant.

10. sublstance, a glucosid, and a resinous materia 11. A road or path, comprising a silicious substance, bonded by a composition compris ing a glucosid, and an oil.

12. A road or path, comprising a silicious substance, a glucosid and rosin oil.

13. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising tannin and rosin oil.

14. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising the concentrated or dehydrated constituents of spent tan bark liquor and a water resistant.

l5. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising the constituents .of spent tan bark liquor and a water resistant.

16. A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising the concentrated or dehydrated constituents of spent tan bark liquor and rosin oil.

17, A cohering or binding composition for roads or other purposes, comprising the constituents of spent tan bark liquor and rosin oil.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence or two witnesses.

WM. J. JULIEN, JOHN HENRY HURLBULL.

A road or path, comprising asilicious 

